Kraft lignin — Glass transition temperature by differential scanning calorimetry
This document describes a method for the determination of the glass transition temperature (Tg) of kraft lignin. The procedure utilizes differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
This procedure is applicable to solid lignins (e.g., powdered form) isolated using different isolation techniques (e.g., acidification with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, etc., and carbonation using gaseous carbon…
Kraft lignin — Determination of thermal stability by thermogravimetry
This document describes the thermal analysis of kraft lignin using thermogravimetric methods.
Thermogravimetry can be used to determine the initial decomposition temperature(s), rate(s) of decomposition, and the temperature at maximum decomposition of various materials, including lignins at atmospheric pressure. All these temperatures are solely based on the mass loss and are not necessarily the…
Récipients cryogéniques — Récipients fixes isolés sous vide — Partie 2: Exigences de fonctionnement
Le présent document spécifie les exigences de fonctionnement pour les récipients fixes isolés sous vide, conçus pour une pression maximale admissible supérieure à 50 kPa (0,5 bar). Il peut également être utilisé comme guide pour les récipients conçus pour une pression maximale admissible inférieure à 50 kPa (0,5 bar).
Le présent document s'applique à des récipients conçus pour des fluides…
Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear - Part 2: Circuit-breakers
IEC 60947-2:2024 applies to circuit-breakers, intended to be installed and operated by instructed or skilled persons, the main contacts of which are intended to be connected to circuits, the rated voltage of which does not exceed 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC; it also contains additional requirements for integrally fused circuit-breakers.
This document also applies to circuit-breakers with ratings at…
Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators — Part 2: Applications for bridges — Specifications
This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for elastomeric seismic isolators used for bridges, as well as rubber material used in the manufacture of such isolators.
It is applicable to elastomeric seismic isolators used to provide bridges with protection from earthquake damage. The isolators covered consist of alternate elastomeric layers and reinforcing steel plates, which are…
Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators — Part 3: Applications for buildings — Specifications
This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for elastomeric seismic elastomeric isolators used for buildings and the rubber material used in the manufacture of such elastomeric isolators.
It is applicable to elastomeric seismic elastomeric isolators used to provide buildings with protection from earthquake damage. The elastomeric isolators covered consist of alternate…
Elastomeric seismic-protection isolators — Part 1: Test methods
This document specifies the test methods for determination of
a) the properties of the rubber material used to manufacture the elastomeric isolators, and
b) the characteristics of elastomeric isolators.
It is applicable to elastomeric isolators used to provide buildings or bridges with protection from earthquake damage. The elastomeric isolators covered consist of alternate…
Protection against lightning - Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard
IEC 62305-3:2024 provides the requirements for protection of a structure against physical damage by means of a lightning protection system (LPS), and for protection against injury to human beings due to touch and step voltages in the vicinity of an LPS (see IEC 62305-1).
This document is applicable to the:
a) design, installation, inspection and maintenance of an LPS for structures without…
Appareillage à haute tension - Partie 211: Raccordements directs entre transformateurs de puissance ...
L'IEC 62271-211:2024 s'applique aux raccordements directs monophasés et triphasés entre l'appareillage sous enveloppe métallique à isolation gazeuse (GIS) pour des tensions assignées supérieures à 52 kV et des dispositions de transformateurs pour établir des possibilités d'échanges électriques et mécaniques et pour déterminer les limites d'alimentation pour le…
